The urinary system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, the urinary bladder and the urethra. Blood is carried to each kidney by the renal artery and away from it by the renal vein. The kidneys are located on either side of the spine at the back of the abdominal cavity. They lie just above the waistline and the left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney.
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The blood is filtered within the kidney. Waste products (urea) and excess substances (mineral salts and water) are converted into urine. The ureter carry the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder store urine and gradually expands like a balloon. When the muscles in the wall of the bladder contract, urine is expelled to the exterior via the urethra. This process is called urination.
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